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Motor and Movement Collection

"Motor development" describes how a child learns to use their bodies to explore their world and accomplish tasks. During early motor development, children learn skills like head control, rolling over, and reaching with a hand. Later, children learn skills such as walking, running, and jumping that use big muscles, and skills such as drawing and buttoning that use small hand muscles. This collection of resources helps adults support children's motor development.

A baby with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a pink diaper cover and lies on her stomach on a white blanket, looking at a stuffed white dog.
Supporting motor development in babies

This article teaches parents and other caregivers how to support the motor development of infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A mother in a gray shirt sits on a white couch holding up her baby, who wears a red shirt and has a congenital heart defect (CHD).
Services to support a baby's motor development

This resource describes the many ways families can get professional help in promoting their baby's motor skills.

A toddler with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears red pants and a blue shirt and prepares to walk down a path to his father.
Supporting motor development in young children

Parents and other caregivers have many opportunities to build a young child's motor skills. This resource explains how to target critical motor development in early childhood.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) is seen from below as she crawls up a red net in a playground.
Services to promote motor skills in young children

Early childhood is a critical time for intervention, and professionals can help families to promote a young child's motor skills. This resource explains these services, and how to gain access to them.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a red dress and cuts out a shape in a piece of paper.
Building motor skills in kids with heart defects

This resource describes the many ways caregivers can help their school-age children to build and maintain motor skills.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a white shirt and a face mask and rides her bike between cones.
Services for motor development in kids with heart defects

Children with heart defects are often able to get professional help in building and maintaining their motor skills. This resource explains how.

A father in a gray shirt stands on the beach with his teen son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), showing him how to use a ping pong paddle.
Supporting teenage motor skills

Teenagers with congenital heart defects (CHDs) can continue to develop their motor skills. Caregivers and educators can help them by using these strategies.

A teenager with a congenital heart defect (CHD) stands on a ski lift.
Services for teenage motor skills

These services can help teenagers with heart defects to build new motor skills, and to strengthen and maintain the ones they have.

A young man in a blue shirt with a congenital heart defect (CHD) holds a towel and a basketball.
Supporting motor skills in adults

Adults with heart defects usually have a higher quality of life when they stay active. These strategies can help adults to learn new physical skills, and to keep up the ones they have.

A young man with Down Syndrome and a congenital heart defect (CHD) plays basketball with his father.
Services to support adult motor skills

Some young adults with heart defects lose strength, flexibility, endurance, or coordination as a result of an illness or injury. Some become out of shape, and are unsure how to get back into shape. Professionals can help adults to regain motor skills, and to learn new ones.

Twin toddler boys with congenital heart defects are wearing blue shirts and sitting together on a ride-on car in their kitchen.
Motor delays and disabilities

Many children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have early delays in their motor development, but eventually catch up with other kids their age. Occasionally, kids have more lasting differences in how they use their bodies. This articles explains diagnoses of motor disorders.

A baby with a congenital heart defect (CHD) sits in a ball pit, while a physical therapist (PT) leans over her holding out a ball.
PT for patients with heart defects

This article for providers explains the ways in which physical therapy can support the healing and healthy development of their patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A doctor with a beard is standing in front of a bookcase talking about cardiac fitness assessments can help kids with congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Cardiac fitness assessment strategies

In this presentation, experts in cardiac fitness discuss strategies for assessing the fitness of kids with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A physical therapist squats down and holds out a toy to a toddler girl who has a congenital heart defect (CHD).
Physical therapy for babies

Babies with congenital heart defects (CHDs) almost always qualify for physical therapy. Physical therapy can help them to meet their motor milestones, and to learn new ways to move and explore with their bodies.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a blue striped shirt and leans over with his hand in a pool.
Physical therapy for young children

Physical therapy is often a helpful or even necessary intervention for toddlers and preschools with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Families have many options for finding physical therapy.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a baseball uniform and a baseball glove.
Physical therapy for kids and teens

Children and teenagers with congenital heart defects (CHDs). can often still benefit from physical therapy. Some kids receive ongoing physical therapy to build and maintain skills, while other kids receive physical therapy short-term while recovering from an illness or injury.

A young woman with a congenital heart defect (CHD0 wears a tan shirt and a maroon head scarf and walks on a treadmill while a doctor watches.
Physical therapy for adults

Adults with congenital heart defects (CHDs) often receive PT to build, maintain, or recover their physical skills. Physical therapy can help adults become or stay active, and can build strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination.

A toddler boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) sits on the ground with his knees up, putting wooden blocks into a truck.
Occupational therapy for patients with heart defects

This resource explains to providers the multiple ways occupational therapy (OT) can support patients with congenital heart defects throughout development.

A baby with a congenital heart defect (CHD) sits outside in a playground, wearing an orange jacket and a grey hood, looking at his mother.
Occupational therapy for babies with heart defects

Occupational therapy is a vital intervention for many babies with congenital heart defects. It can help them to meet milestones in all domains, and to participate more fully in their dailiy lives.

A toddler with black curly hair and a congenital heart defect (CHD) squats in the grass, examining a leaf.
Occupational therapy for young children

Occupational therapy can help toddlers and preschools with heart defects to learn skills that help them feel successful at home and in the community.

A girl with long blond hair and a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a pink shirt, and looks up from the piano she is playing.
Occupational therapy for kids and teens with heart defects

The goal of occupational therapy (OT) is to help people participate as fully as possible in daily life. For kids and teens with congenital heart defects (CHDs), OT can help them build physical, emotional, social, thinking, and life skills, and to get closer to their goals.

A young man with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wearing a green shirt and blue jeans sits on the stone steps of a building, talking to a friend.
Occupational therapy for adults with heart defects

Occupational therapy (OT) can be an important resource for people with congenital heart defects (CHDs) throughout their lives. As their abilities and goals evolve, OT can help them to be successful at home, school, and work.

A teen girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) rides a brown horse.
Horse-assisted therapies

Hippotherapy and therapeutic riding can help many kids with congenital heart defects (CHDs) to make progress in their physical skills.

A mother wearing a black headscarf holds her infant son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and wears a blue suit, and is smiling at the camera.
Early Intervention (EI)

Early Intervention (EI) is a critical resource for babies and toddlers (ages 0-2) with congenital heart defects (CHDs), and gives them access to the services they need to make appropriate progress in their motor skills.

A little boy with blond curly hair and glasses uses a gait trainer to walk.
Tools to promote delayed motor development

Some children with delayed motor skills benefit from tools that can help them to experience the skills they are not yet able to accomplish independently.

A boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a yellow soccer jersey and bends over in a goal.
The role of exercise in development

This video explores how exercise contributes to children's development across domains, and why it is especially important for kids with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A teen girl with Down Syndrome and a congenital heart defect (CHD) stands next to her teacher on a yoga mat, both with their hands on their hips.
Exercise and quality of life

This article explores the connection between regular exercise and quality of life in people with congenital heart defects, throughout childhood and into adulthood.

Two girls with congenital heart defects (CHDs) roller skate down a path in a park.
Cardiac fitness programs

Cardiac fitness programs are supervised treatments that can help people with congenital heart defects (CHDs) to establish and maintain a safe and effective exercise program.

A girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a black and white track jacket and ponytail.
A look inside cardiac fitness

These videos show kids going through a cardiac fitness program, and explaining the benefits of the experience.

The first slide of the 2024 Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness symposium.
Cardiac Fitness Symposium 2024

Here is the complete recording of the 2024 Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Symposium.

Slide from Boston Children's hospital cardiac fitness symposium describing outcomes of intervention for patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Outcomes of cardiac fitness programs

This professional presentation explores the current data on outcomes of cardiac fitness interventions for patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A slide from the Boston Children's Hospital cardiac fitness symposium.
Launching and running cardiac fitness interventions

This professional presentation describes how a hospital or clinic can launch and run a successful cardiac fitness program for patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

A doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to the heart of a little boy in a blue shirt and face mask, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD).
Managing patients with developmental delay or disability

This resource guides professionals in caring for patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and developmental delays or disabilities, including motor delays and disabilities.

A girl with a white shirt and long black braids with a congenital heart defect (CHD) stands in front of an ivy-covered wall.
Developmental screening questions for office visits

This resource provides key developmental screening questions that clinicians can use during routine office visits. These questions can help clinicians to notice developmental differences early, and to direct patients to appropriate and timely interventions.

A mother pushes her toddler daughter, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), in a black playground swing.
Developmental screening tools

Clinicians can use these tools to monitor children's development, and to detect developmental delays or disabilities early and accurately.

A dad tickles his young son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), on the grass.
Family Guides

These age-based family guides explain typical development, possible delays, and appropriate interventions in all primary areas of development: motor, cognitive, language, social, and emotional. Caregivers can select the guide that matches their child's age, and then select the "move" tab to learn more about motor development at that age.

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