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Autism Spectrum Disorder Collection

Young people with congenital heart defects (CHDs) may be more likely than others to have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These resources can help caregivers to better understand the strengths and needs of kids with autism, so that they can give them the support they need to thrive.

A mom in an orange dress sits on a bridge with her arms around her young son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Autism in kids with heart defects

Children with autism often share certain traits. By understanding their profile, caregivers can be better equipped to support them and celebrate them.

A preschool boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD), autism, and brown curly hair holds a globe ball while a toddler holds up a truck to show him.
Autism and how children think

Young people with autism often think and learn in distinct ways. When caregivers have insight into how they think, they can better connect with children, understand them, and teach them.

A mom in a yellow shirt with black hair sits on the floor at a low table, playing a game with her young daughter, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Autism, communication, and language

Young people with autism sometimes use and understand language in unique ways. This article explains some of the common characteristics of language in people with autism.

A woman crouches on the ground, holding out a toy to a toddler with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism, who is walking away.
Services for young children with autism

Young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have access to multiple services that can help them to meet their goals.

A mom holds her young daughter, who has a congenital heart defect, on her lap, while a pediatrician in blue scrubs and a white coat leans forward and talks to her.
Developmental evaluation schedule

Children with high-risk congenital heart defects (CHDs) should usually have developmental evaluations at key ages while they are growing up. Evaluations can help families to identify autism and find the best possible services for their child.

A dad with long braids holds his young son on his back. The little boy has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Talking to kids about a diagnosis

When kids have diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorder and a congenital heart defect (CHD), caregivers are often unsure if an how to talk with them about their diagnoses. This article can help.

Catherine Ullman Shade of Boston Children's Hospital stands at a podium talking about children with congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Learning styles of kids with heart defects

Kids with congenital heart defects (CHDs) often share a common profile as learners, whether or not they have autism. This talk helps to shed light on the unique ways children with CHDs can think and learn.

A mother with long blond hair hugs and kisses her infant son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Early Intervention

Children with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) should always qualify for Early Intervention (EI). EI services can help them to develop lagging skills.

A baby with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism lies on his back on a beige couch, drinking a bottle, while his dad wears a blue shirt and lies on his side next to him, talking to him and smiling.
Early Intervention Guide

This step-by-step guide directs parents or clinicians through the process of setting up Early Intervention (EI) services for a child with a heart defect and autism.

A little girl with black hair and a gray shirt has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism, and stands in a pink play kitchen in a preschool.
Special Education preschool

Young children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism usually qualify for free public preschool through their district's Special Education. This article explains that process and the available services.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a gray shirt and sits at a table next to a teacher in a pink dress, working on a snowman craft project.
Occupational therapy

Occupational therapy can help many kids with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) to learn skills that help them participate fully in their daily routines.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a pink striped shirt and sits at a wooden table with a bowl of cereal.
Speech and language therapy for young children

Young children with autism spectrum disorders often face challenges in communicating with others, and also with eating. Speech and language therapy can help them work on both skills.

A woman in a black shirt bends down to face a little boy in a red shirt with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism, gesturing to help him to make a sound with his mouth.
Speech and language therapy for kids

School-age kids with autism can have differences in how they understand and use language, and also in how they eat. Speech and language therapy can help them meet goals in both domains.

A girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a gray shirt and sits across a small table from a speech and language pathologist.
Speech and language therapy for teens

Teenagers with autism often benefit from speech and language therapy, which can help them with their language and their eating.

A teacher with a gray blazer sits at a table, talking to three school-age children, some of whom have congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Pragmatic language problems

Many kids with autism struggle to use language as expected in a social context. This can be called a pragmatic language disorder, and intervention can help.

A mom and dad walk barefoot on either side of their young daughter, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), holding her hands.
Children's mental and behavioral health

Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism can have complex profiles of strengths and needs. This articles summarizes the behavioral health disorders that doctors or psychologists identify in some children.

A girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism has black curly hair and a striped shirt, and sits on a path next to a yellow dog.
Mental health resources for kids

This collection of resources can help kids to understand and celebrate autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, depression, ADHD, and other differences in mental and behavioral health.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism is wearing pink leggings, a white shirt, and black braids, and is lying on a gray couch looking at a tablet.
Sleep in young children

Young with autism and heart defects often struggle to establish a regular and healthy sleep schedule. These strategies can help.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism sleeps on a red pillow in a pile of fuzzy blankets.
Disability parenting resources

Raising a child with a heart defect and autism can be challenging and isolating. Here is a collection of resources to support and validate caregivers.

A young man with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism sits at a desk at night, working on his laptop.
Sleep in adults

Adults with autism often have disrupted sleep, and may often feel tired. This article explains some of the problems, and possible solutions.

A young woman with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism sits in the center of a big bed under a beige comforter, with her hands over her face.
Sleep disorders in adults

Some adults with autism are diagnosed with a sleep disorder, and may need the help of a doctor or other professional in order to get the sleep they need.

A mom in a gray sweater leans over her baby's crib, mimicking going to sleep.
Sleep disorders in children and teens

Kids with autism are more likely than others to have disordered sleep. This article explains some of the possible problems, and how to find help.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a white shirt and shorts and stands in a grassy field.
Anxiety in children

Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism are likely to have an anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. Here is more information about children's anxiety and effective treatments.

A mom walks on the beach holding hands with her son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Managing children's anxiety

Parents and other caregivers have a lot of options for helping their children to manage anxiety.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a black jacket and a black face mask and sits on the stone stoop of a house.
Managing medical anxiety

Children with autism and a congenital heart defect (CHD) often face anxiety surrounding their health and medical treatments. This webinar describes strategies to help.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) wears a pink shirt and braids and draws with chalk on a sidewalk.
Psychotherapy for kids

Kids with autism and heart defects often have big feelings, and are more likely than others to struggle with issues like anxiety, low self-esteem, social problems, and/or depression. Therapy can help.

Two young adults with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism stand side by side in the dark, waving sparklers.
Psychotherapy for young adults

Young adults with autism and heart defects often get help from therapists, who can help them to manage their feelings and thoughts, and to meet their goals.

A mom and older brother stand in the kitchen, watching a boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism carve a chicken.
Executive functions

Young people with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism often have challenges with elements of executive functioning. Here's an explanation.

A girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism has a gray shirt and brown ponytail, and sits at a desk writing with a pen.
Executive function training

Executive function training or coaching can help some young people with autism, to work on skills such as being flexible, monitoring work, planning, and organizing.

A little boy with black hair and an orange shirt leans over a school desk, writing with a pencil.
Special Education and 504 Plans

Kids with autism often need supports at school in order to do as well as they can. This article explains Special Education and 504 Plans.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism stands in her home entryway wearing a black shirt and blue backpack.
Special Education

Kids with autism often qualify for Special Education, and an IEP can give them services, modifications, and accommodations that allow them to thrive at school.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a striped fleece and paints with a red paintbrush on a piece of paper.
504 Plans

Some students with autism do best with a 504 Plan at school, which gives them the supports they require to learn and be part of the community.

A young woman with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a  gray shirt and headphones sits at a wooden desk and writes in a classroom with tall windows.
18-22 school programs

Some young people with autism qualify for public school between the ages of 18 and 22, so that they can continue to learn the skills they need to meet their adult goals.

A young woman with a grown ribbed shirt has long brown hair, a congenital heart defect (CHD), and autism, and sits typing at her laptop.
Transition assessments and plans

When kids receive Special Education, they should have a transition assessment and transition plan when they are no older than 16 (or 14 in Massachusetts and some other states).

A young woman with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a black shirt and holds her hair up on top of her head, laughing.
Transition to adulthood

When young people with developmental disabilities are transition to adulthood, they are faced with both obstacles and opportunities. This presentation explains more.

Three young men with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism sit side by side in the sun, laughing.
Guardianship, proxies, and options for independence

Young adults with autism sometimes require support in caring for themselves and making decisions. This article explains the options available to families.

A little boy with a blue shirt and black hair stands in a playground with his arm around his little sister, who has a yellow shirt and black hair, and a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Social skills services for young children

Young children with autism often are delayed in their social skills. These services and interventions can help.

Three boys with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism wear striped shirts and backpacks, and stand in a schoolyard playing rock paper scissors.
Social skills services for school-age kids

Children with autism often struggle to engage socially with their peers. These interventions can help them to learn the skills they may be missing.

Two teenagers with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism sit cross-legged next to a tall window, playing foosball.
Social skills services for teens

The teenage social world is complicated and can be harrowing. Social skills supports can help teens with autism to navigate it safely and successfully.

A young man with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism has a black curly hair and a gray shirt, and stands in front of a painted gray wall, looking at his phone.
Social skills services for adults

Adults with autism are often not satisfied with their social skills. They can find professional services to help them connect with their social world in the way they want.

A young man with a congenital heart defect and autism wears a gray shirt and sits in a wooden chair in front of a window.
Aidan's story

Aidan is a teenager with a congenital heart defect. In this video, Aidan and his father tell their story.

A mom in a black shirt holds her daughter on her shoulder in front of a trampoline. Her daughter has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism.
Emotional supports for young kids

Young children with autism often have big emotions, and may struggle to understand, express, and manage them. Here are some options to get support.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism has brown curly hair and a yellow shirt, and paints on an easel.
Emotional supports for kids

Kids with heart defects and autism often struggle to manage and understand big emotions. Intervention can help them to express their feelings in ways that work with their goals.

A teen girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism sits on the floor in front of a laptop, bending over to grab her toes.
Emotional supports for teens

Teens with autism frequently manage big and confusing thoughts and feelings. These services can help them to understand and express themselves in adaptive ways.

A young man with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a white shirt and a wide-brimmed hat and looks up at a gray sky.
Emotional supports for adults

Young adults with autism sometimes struggle to understand and manage their emotions, and the emotions of other people. People are available to help.

A mom and dad crouch on a beach next to their young son, who has a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism, and is wrapped in a towel.
Behavioral support for families

Caregivers sometimes struggle to manage the behavior of children with autism. Caring professionals are available to help.

A boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a multicolored shirt and sits at a table next to his mom, building with wooden blocks.
Managing challenging behaviors

Children with autism sometimes behave in ways that can pose challenges to parents and families. These strategies can help caregivers to effectively manage behaviors in a way that shows love, validation, and respect.

A young man with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a plaid shirt and sits in a school chair, showing his phone to a young woman in a green shirt, who stands behind him.
Finding your community

Being part of a community can be important for people's physical health, mental health, and quality of life. People with autism sometimes struggle to find community, but these strategies can help.

A dad holds his toddler son with a congenital heart defect (CHD) on his lap, while a pediatrician gives him a shot in his leg.
Comfort positions

Comfort positions can help children to feel relaxed and to cooperate with care at the doctor's office.

A young man and woman with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and autism sit across from each other at an urban cafe, typing on their laptops.
Entering into romantic relationships

Young adults with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) often have questions about how to enter romantic relationships safely. Here are some tips.

Three young women with congenital heart defects (CHDs) sit on a bench in front of a field of tulips, laughing.
Tips for clinicians: managing neurodevelopmental differences

Pediatricians, cardiologists, and other clinicians often care for young people with neurodevelopmental delays or disabilities. These strategies can help them to do so successfully.

Several school children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are outside, following a path of colored squares.
Developmental screening tools

Clinicians can use these tools to measure and monitor children's development, and to identify diagnoses such as autism as early and accurately as possible.

A little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and autism wears a jacket and scarf and stands in a snowy park, smiling.
Developmental questions for clinicians

Clinicians such as pediatricians and cardiologists play an important role in monitoring the development of kids with heart defects. Asking these questions can help them to detect neurodevelopmental delays or disabilities, including autism.

A mother in a red plaid shirt holds a little girl with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and pigtails on her lap, while a doctor with blue gloves gives her a shot in her shoulder.
Help kids manage shots and other pokes

Children with autism often struggle with medical procedures such as shots and blood draws. This video describes strategies to support them.

Three doctors from Boston Children's Hospital sit around a round table, talking about school anxiety.
Making a smooth transition back to school

Children with autism often have trouble with transitions, including the transition back to school in the fall. Here are strategies to help.

A boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and short black hair wears a gray hoodie and looks at the camera.
Helping children with bullying

Kids with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) are often vulnerable to being the victim of bullying. Learn how to support

A boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and a red shirt looks off to the side.
Managing bullying from medical differences

Kids with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) sometimes have visible differences that can make them vulnerable to bullying. They deserve to feel safe and respected, and these strategies can help.

A cover slide from a Boston Children's Hospital webinar about helping children to adhere with. medical plans.
Helping children follow medical advice

When kids have a heart defect and autism, they may have trouble following a doctor's treatment plan. This webinar gives parents guidance to support them and to help them to be more successful.

A little boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) holds liquid medicine in a spoon, while his mother gently guides his hand.
Teaching children to swallow medicine

Swallowing medicine can be particularly hard for many kids with autism. This video shows parents how to teach children to swallow liquids, chews, and pills.

A little girl with brown curly hair, a white shirt, and congenital heart defect (CHD) hugs her grandmother around the neck from behind in a green field.
Preparing kids for medical procedures

Children with autism often struggle with medical procedures and treatments. Here is advice to help them to feel calmer and more successful.

A boy with a congenital heart defect (CHD) sits in a green field, hugging and kissing his yellow lab.
Service dogs

Some kids with autism and congenital heart defects (CHDs) can find help and support from service dogs. Learn more.

A little girl with blond hair and black glasses with a congenital heart defect (CHD) stands on a green field in front of a horse.
Horse-assisted therapies

Horse-assisted therapies such as hippotherapy and therapeutic riding can help many kids with autism and congenital heart defects.

Two children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are standing in a field in a circle with their hands in the middle.
Camps for kids with medical differences

Kids with medical diagnoses and developmental disabilities such as autism often can thrive at camps that are designed to meet their needs. Many camps are free to qualifying families.

A woman with a congenital heart defect and brown braids has her arm around the neck of a man with black hair and a beard.
Green flags and red flags in adult relationships

Adults with autism sometimes have trouble determining if a relationship is safe and affirming. These tips can help.

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